EFECTOS DE UN PROGRAMA ESTRUCTURADO DE ENTRENAMIENTO FUNCIONAL SOBRE LA CONDICIÓN FÍSICA SALUDABLE DE ADULTOS JÓVENES DE BARRANQUILLA (COLOMBIA)

Introduction: the structured programming of physical training helps to reduce the chances of suffering from chronic noncommunicable diseases, in the same way it increases the quality of people's health, especially in the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. This facilitates the optimization of healthy physical condition, an aspect that favors the individual, the development of daily activities with maximum functionality, efficiency and effectiveness. Objective: To verify the effects of a structured program of functional training on muscular endurance in young adults. Materials and Methods: Type of quasi-experimental study, with pre intervention and post intervention evaluation in an experimental group. In 15 young adults attending a gym in the city of Barranquilla, the tests were applied: upper end muscle resistance without time limit, abdominal muscle resistance in 1 min, lower limb muscle resistance and flexibility, the intervention was performed with a structured program of functional training comparing pretest and postest. Results: significant changes were presented after the intervention, comparing the results of the pre-test with those of the post-test, in muscular resistance of the upper limbs (mean: 33.29 vs 45.57) P: 0.04, flexibility (mean: 13.57 vs. 3.86) P: 0.05. Conclusions: It can be seen that muscular endurance and flexibility capacities can be adapted in a positive way through an intervention with a structured program of functional training, for 8 weeks, with a frequency of three times per week for 45 minutes/day.Introducción: la programación estructurada del entrenamiento físico contribuye a reducir las probabilidades de padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, de igual manera aumenta la calidad de la salud de las personas, especialmente en los sistemas, cardiovascular, respiratoria, neuromuscular y musculoesquelético. Esto facilita la optimización de la condición física saludable, aspecto que favorece en el individuo el desarrollo de las actividades diarias con máxima funcionalidad, eficiencia y eficacia. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional sobre la resistencia muscular en adultos jóvenes. Materiales y Métodos: Tipo de estudio cuasi experimental, con evaluación pre intervención y post intervención en un grupo experimental. En 15 adultos jóvenes que asisten a un gimnasio de la ciudad de Barranquilla se aplicaron las pruebas: resistencia muscular del tren superior sin límite de tiempo, resistencia muscular del abdomen en 1 min, resistencia muscular de miembros inferiores y flexibilidad, la intervención se realizó con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional comparando pre test y post test. Resultados: post intervención se presentaron cambios significativos comparando los resultados del pre test con los del post test, en resistencia muscular de miembros superiores (media: 33,29 vs 45,57) P: 0,04, flexibilidad (media: 13,57 vs 3,86)  P: 0,05. Conclusiones: Se puede constatar que las capacidades de resistencia muscular y flexibilidad se pueden adaptar de manera positiva a través de una intervención con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional, por 8 semanas, con una frecuencia de tres veces por semana por 45 minutos/día

Coupling a polarizable water model to the hydrated ion–water interaction potential: A test on the Cr3+ hydration

A strategy to build interaction potentials for describing ionic hydration of highly charged monoatomic cations by computer simulations, including the polarizable character of the solvent, is proposed. The method is based on the hydrated ion concept that has been previously tested for the case of Cr3+ aqueous solutions [J. Phys. Chem. 100, 11748 (1996)]. In the present work, the interaction potential of [Cr(H2O6)]3+ with water has been adapted to a water model that accounts for the polarizable character of the solvent by means of a mobile charge harmonic oscillator representation (MCHO model) [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6448 (1990)]. Monte Carlo simulations of the Cr3+ hexahydrate plus 512 water molecules have been performed to study the energetics and structure of the ionic solution. The results show a significant improvement in the estimate of the hydration enthalpy [ LlHhydr(Cr3+)=-1109.6:±70 kcal/mol] that now matches the experimental value within the uncertainty of this magnitude. The use of the polarizable water model lowers by �140 kcal/mol the statistical estimation of the [Cr(H2O6)]3+ hydration enthalpy compared to the nonpolarizable model. (-573 kcal/mol for the polarizable model vs -714 kcal/mol for the nonpolarizable one.) This improvement reflects a more accurate treatment of the many-body nonadditive effects.Dirección General de Investigaciones Científica y Técnica PB95-0549DGAPA-UNAM ES-112896CONACyT L004-

Collecting high-order interactions in an effective pairwise intermolecular potential using the hydrated ion concept: The hydration of Cf3+

This work proposes a new methodology to build interaction potentials between a highly charged metal cation and water molecules. These potentials, which can be used in classical computer simu- lations, have been fitted to reproduce quantum mechanical interaction energies (MP2 and BP86) for a wide range of [M(H2O)n]m+(H2O)l clusters (n going from 6 to 10 and l from 0 to 18). A flexible and polarizable water shell model (Mobile Charge Density of Harmonic Oscillator) has been coupled to the cation-water potential. The simultaneous consideration of poly-hydrated clusters and the polarizability of the interacting particles allows the inclusion of the most important many-body effects in the new polarizable potential. Applications have been centered on the californium, Cf(III) the heaviest actinoid experimentally studied in solution. Two different strategies to select a set of about 2000 structures which are used for the potential building were checked. Monte Carlo simulations of Cf(III)+500 H2O for three of the intermolecular potentials predict an aquaion structure with coordination number close to 8 and average RCf–O in the range 2.43–2.48 Å, whereas the fourth one is closer to 9 with RCf–O = 2.54 Å. Simulated EXAFS spectra derived from the structural Monte Carlo distribution compares fairly well with the available experimental spectrum for the simulations bearing 8 water molecules. An angular distribution similar to that of a square antiprism is found for the octa-coordination.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CTQ2011-2593

Methodology for the monitoring and analysis of the mining truck transmission system as a decision tool for maintenance

Introducción: El sistema de transmisión de los vehículos mineros constituye uno de sus componentes más importantes. Este sistema esta sometidos a diversas condiciones de operación (por ejemplo: sobrecalentamiento, fatiga, fractura y desgaste, etc.) que pueden generar la falla de transmisión produciendo pérdida de disponibilidad. Debido a esto, es de vital importancia establecer las condiciones operacionales del equipo, a partir de la información suministrada por un sistema de diagnóstico de fallas y alertas, con el fin de determinar los planes de monitoreo y control adecuados, prolongando la vida útil de los componentes. Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal desarrollar una metodología para analizar el comportamiento de transmisiones de camiones mineros en estado operativo. Su finalidad es establecer, de acuerdo con las condiciones actuales del componente, una posible vida remanente en la que se determine si se encuentra dentro de rangos permisibles o si por el contrario se deben tomar acciones que garanticen un ciclo de vida aceptable. Metodología: Este artículo muestra el despliegue de la metodología para el análisis y diagnóstico del componente, dividido en cuatro etapas: (i) establecimiento de límites operacionales permisibles para análisis de las condiciones del aceite; (ii) generación de matriz de cambios modelo; (iii) análisis de eventos o fallas asociados con la transmisión; y (iv) mejoramiento de la vida útil del componente. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación de la metodología se pudo determinar las causas principales de los fallos de las transmisiones y su relación con los parámetros operacionales analizados. Conclusiones: La investigación busca generar resultados en tiempo real que faciliten la organización de las actividades preventivas y correctivas del componente, necesarias para la óptima operación del mismo. Palabras claves: Mantenimiento, monitoreo bajo condiciones; transmisión de camiones mineros; análisis de aceite; matriz de cambio; embrague.  Introduction: The transmission system of mining vehicles is one of their most important components. This system is subject to various operating conditions (for example: overheating, fatigue, fracture and wear, etc.) that can generate transmission failure producing loss of availability. Because of this, it is of vital importance to establish the operational conditions of the equipment, based on the information provided by a fault diagnosis and alert system, in order to determine the appropriate monitoring and control plans, prolonging the life of the components. Objective:The goal of this paper is to develop a methodology in order to analysis of the behavior of mining truck transmissions in the operating state. Its purpose is to establish, in accordance with the current laws of the component, a possible remaining life in which it is determined if it is within permissible ranges or if on the contrary actions mustbe taken that guarantee an acceptable life cycle. Methodology:This article shows the analysis of the methodology for the analysis and diagnosis of the component, divided into fourstages: (i) establishment of permissible operational limits for analysis of oil conditions; (ii) generation of model change matrix; (iii) analysis of events or failures associated with the transmission; and (iv) improvement of the component's useful life. Results: Through the application of the methodology, it was possible to determine the main causes of transmission failures and their relationship with the operational parameters analyzed. Conclusions: The research seeks to generate results in real time that facilitate the organization of the preventive and corrective activities of the component, necessary for the operation of the same. Key Words:  Maintenance; monitoring under conditions; mining truck transmission; oil analysis; change matrix; clutch. &nbsp

Residuos de la industria alimentaria (snacks) como alimento en una lechería en el trópico alto colombiano

This research aimed to evaluate the inclusion of byproducts from snacks industry in dairy cows’ feed. In the north of Antioquia (Colombia), 10 Holstein cows were selected and subjected to two treatments: concentrate feed formulated with snacks by-products (SN) and conventional concentrate based on corn (CO), with five animals in each treatment. The research was subjected to crossover design in a sequence AB/BA. Data regarding quality milk, intake of forage (CF), concentrate (CC), total dry matter intake (CMT), and productions cost were collected. Data analyses were conducted using mixed models. Treatment did not affect (p > 0.05) the CF or CMT, but affect (p < 0.05) CC, with more concentrate intake in SN. The inclusion of snacks by-products resulted in the same milk production and quality (p > 0.05) compared to CO, but with less costs. The economic analysis showed a differential net margin per cow/day of USD 0.17 for SN. This research suggested that inclusion of snacks by-products in dairy cows feed do not affect milk production and quality but result in fewer production costs and better net margins. These outcomes could improve the competitiveness of dairy farms.El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la inclusión de subproductos de la industria de snacks en la alimentación de vacas lecheras. En el norte de Antioquia (Colombia) se seleccionaron 10 vacas holstein y se sometieron a dos tratamientos: balanceado formulado con subproductos de snacks (SN) y balanceado convencional con base en maíz (CO), con cinco animales en cada tratamiento. El experimento se llevó a cabo con base en un diseño de sobrecambio de secuencia AB/BA. Se registró información de producción y calidad de leche, consumo de forraje (CF), concentrado (CC) y materia seca total (CMT), así como también costos de producción. Los datos fueron analizados con base en modelos mixtos. El tratamiento no afectó (p > 0,05) el CF ni el CMT, pero influyó (p < 0,05) en el CC, a favor del tratamiento SN. La inclusión de subproductos de snacks produjo similar (p > 0,05) volumen y calidad de leche, comparado con el tratamiento CO, aunque a menor costo de producción para el tratamiento SN. El análisis económico mostró un margen de utilidad neta diferencial por vaca/día de $635,91 a favor del SN. Estos resultados sugieren que la inclusión de subproductos de snacks en la dieta de vacas lecheras no afectó la producción ni la calidad de la leche, pero permitió reducir el costo de producción, aspecto importante para la competitividad de los sistemas de lechería especializados

Estudios bibliométricos de la influencia tecnológica en el desarrollo productivo sostenible en artículos publicados en SCOPUS 2012 -2016

Este trabajo fue un estudio documental de la identidad de la tecnología en el desarrollo productivo sostenible de los gremios artesanales en la base de datos SCOPUS, abordando desde el punto de vista de las variables: desarrollo productivo y tecnología como un análisis general de los estudios realizados por varios autores. La metodología fue 2 consultas relacionadas al desarrollo productivo TITLE-ABS-KEY ( desarrollo  AND productivo ) y productive AND  development  AND  craft  AND  guild  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR ,  2016 )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR ,  2015 )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR ,  2014 )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR ,  2013 )  OR  LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR ,  2012 ) )  AND  ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE ,  "ar" ) ) en 2 fases: 1. Obtener información. 2. Analizar y evaluar información validando autores, artículos y fuentes obtenidas. Este estudioo cuantitativo permitió concluir la asociación de 10 autores del artículo Replacing soybean for winter peas in heavy-pig diets: Productive impact of the level of protease inhibitors en la revista ITEA Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria, revista del cuartil Q3; en el caso de las revistas Cadernos de Saude Publica  de Brasil cuenta con el 35% de participación Latinoamericana, y el artículo Precocious albion: A new interpretation of the British Industrial revolution, publicada en Annual Review of Economics  del 2014 resalta la influencia del desarrollo productivo, importancia del capital humano y calidad del trabajo asociadas con el alto nivel de nutrición, mejores instituciones y el alto nivel de aprendizaje.   Palabras claves: estudio bibliométrico, tecnología, base de datos, producción, publicacione

Liquid methanol Monte Carlo simulations with a refined potential which includes polarizability, nonadditivity, and intramolecular relaxation

Monte Carlo simulations of liquid methanol were performed using a refined ab initio derived potential which includes polarizability, nonadditivity, and intramolecular relaxation. The results present good agreement between the energetic and structural properties predicted by the model and those predicted by ab initio calculations of methanol clusters and experimental values of gas and condensed phases. The molecular level picture of methanol shows the existence of both rings and linear polymers in the methanol liquid phase

Evaluation of a Mixing versus a Cycling Strategy of Antibiotic Use in Critically-Ill Medical Patients: Impact on Acquisition of Resistant Microorganisms and Clinical Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of two strategies of antibiotic use (mixing vs. cycling) on the acquisition of resistant microorganisms, infections and other clinical outcomes. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in an 8-bed intensive care unit during 35- months in which a mixing-cycling policy of antipseudomonal beta-lactams (meropenem, ceftazidime/piperacillin-tazobactam) and fluoroquinolones was operative. Nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs and respiratory secretions were obtained within 48h of admission and thrice weekly thereafter. Target microorganisms included methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters. RESULTS: A total of 409 (42%) patients were included in mixing and 560 (58%) in cycling. Exposure to ceftazidime/piperacillin-tazobactam and fluoroquinolones was significantly higher in mixing while exposure to meropenem was higher in cycling, although overall use of antipseudomonals was not significantly different (37.5/100 patient-days vs. 38.1/100 patient-days). There was a barely higher acquisition rate of microorganisms during mixing, but this difference lost its significance when the cases due to an exogenous Burkholderia cepacia outbreak were excluded (19.3% vs. 15.4%, OR 0.8, CI 0.5-1.1). Acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to the intervention antibiotics or with multiple-drug resistance was similar. There were no significant differences between mixing and cycling in the proportion of patients acquiring any infection (16.6% vs. 14.5%, OR 0.9, CI 0.6-1.2), any infection due to target microorganisms (5.9% vs. 5.2%, OR 0.9, CI 0.5-1.5), length of stay (median 5 d for both groups) or mortality (13.9 vs. 14.3%, OR 1.03, CI 0.7-1.3). CONCLUSIONS: A cycling strategy of antibiotic use with a 6-week cycle duration is similar to mixing in terms of acquisition of resistant microorganisms, infections, length of stay and mortality

Acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance phenotypes in critically-ill medical patients: role of colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure

The objective of this work was to investigate the risk factors for the acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance phenotypes in critically ill patients, taking into account colonization pressure. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in an 8-bed medical intensive care unit during a 35-month period. Nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs and respiratory secretions were obtained within 48 hours of admission and thrice weekly thereafter. During the study, a policy of consecutive mixing and cycling periods of three classes of antipseudomonal antibiotics was followed in the unit. RESULTS: Of 850 patients admitted for ≥ 3 days, 751 (88.3%) received an antibiotic, 562 of which (66.1%) were antipseudomonal antibiotics. A total of 68 patients (8%) carried P. aeruginosa upon admission, and among the remaining 782, 104 (13%) acquired at least one strain of P. aeruginosa during their stay. Multivariate analysis selected shock (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 3.7), intubation (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 7.5), enteral nutrition (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.6), parenteral nutrition (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.6), tracheostomy (OR = 4.4; 95% CI, 2.3 to 8.3) and colonization pressure >0.43 (OR = 4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5) as independently associated with the acquisition of P. aeruginosa, whereas exposure to fluoroquinolones for >3 days (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8) was protective. In the whole series, prior exposure to carbapenems was independently associated with carbapenem resistance, and prior amikacin use predicted piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolone and multiple-drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: In critical care settings with a high rate of antibiotic use, colonization pressure and non-antibiotic exposures may be the crucial factors for P. aeruginosa acquisition, whereas fluoroquinolones may actually decrease its likelihood. For the acquisition of strains resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones and multiple drugs, exposure to amikacin may be more relevant than previously recognized

Gender-Based Differences by Age Range in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Spanish Observational Cohort Study

There is some evidence that male gender could have a negative impact on the prognosis and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of the present study was to compare the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between hospitalized men and women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multicenter, retrospective, observational study is based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. We analyzed the differences between men and women for a wide variety of demographic, clinical, and treatment variables, and the sex distribution of the reported COVID-19 deaths, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admission by age subgroups. This work analyzed 12,063 patients (56.8% men). The women in our study were older than the men, on average (67.9 vs. 65.7 years; p < 001). Bilateral condensation was more frequent among men than women (31.8% vs. 29.9%; p = 0.007). The men needed non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation more frequently (5.6% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001, and 7.9% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). The most prevalent complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome, with severe cases in 19.9% of men (p < 0.001). In men, intensive care unit admission was more frequent (10% vs. 6.1%; p < 0.001) and the mortality rate was higher (23.1% vs. 18.9%; p < 0.001). Regarding mortality, the differences by gender were statistically significant in the age groups from 55 years to 89 years of age. A multivariate analysis showed that female sex was significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of mortality in our study. Male sex appears to be related to worse progress in COVID-19 patients and is an independent prognostic factor for mortality. In order to fully understand its prognostic impact, other factors associated with sex must be considered